2 Samuel 23:10

Authorized King James Version

He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ה֣וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#2
קָם֩
He arose
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#3
וַיַּ֨ךְ
and smote
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#4
בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#5
עַ֣ד׀
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#6
כִּֽי
until
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#7
יָגְעָ֣ה
was weary
properly, to gasp; hence, to be exhausted, to tire, to toil
#8
יָדוֹ֙
and his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#9
וַתִּדְבַּ֤ק
clave
properly, to impinge, i.e., cling or adhere; figuratively, to catch by pursuit
#10
יָדוֹ֙
and his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#11
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#12
הַחֶ֔רֶב
unto the sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#13
וַיַּ֧עַשׂ
wrought
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#14
יְהוָ֛ה
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#15
תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה
victory
rescue (literal or figurative, persons, national or spiritual)
#16
גְדוֹלָ֖ה
a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#17
בַּיּ֣וֹם
that day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#18
הַה֑וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#19
וְהָעָ֛ם
and the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#20
יָשֻׁ֥בוּ
returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#21
אַֽחֲרָ֖יו
after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#22
אַךְ
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
#23
לְפַשֵּֽׁט׃
him only to spoil
to spread out (i.e., deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e., unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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